Involving Victims in the Sentencing of Offenders Free Essay Example, 1250 words

Proportionality in sentencing becomes feasible with victim participation, as the victims provide accurate information regarding the gravity of the crime committed. Retributive justice regards punishment that is proportionate as a morally justified response to crime. Such punishment endeavours to provide satisfaction and psychological benefits to the victim, society and the offender. This form of justice is based on the tenet that justice has been rendered when the wrong-doer has been subjected to adequate punishment. On the other hand, restorative justice emphasises the requirements of victims and offenders and does not focus upon the necessity to satisfy the rules of the law or the infliction of punishment by the community. In this system, victims are provided with an active role in the dispute and the offenders are encouraged to undertake responsibility for their crime and to repair the harm caused to the victim (YWCA, 2014). The concentration of restorative justice is on crime a nd wrongdoing from the perspective of the individual or community instead of from that of the authorities. In general, the sentence imposed upon the offender is determined solely by the judge. We will write a custom essay sample on Involving Victims in the Sentencing of Offenders or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Fifth, the presence of mitigating circumstances that could reduce the amount of punishment. Sixth, the presence of Victim Impact Reports, these being submitted by an expert. Seventh, the presence of Victim Impact Statements submitted by the victim of that crime (nidirect, 2014).

Democracy Is Not A Democratic State Essay - 2130 Words

It is often misinterpreted, the fact that the greatest nation on Earth, the United States, is governed as a democratic state. Democracy is basically having control of an organization or group by the majority of its members; however, this is not the case when addressing the United States. In fact, this country is not a democratic state, but a constitutional republic. It is an enormous difference when brought to light, since democracy does not really protect minorities, but expands power for the majority. On the other hand, a constitutional republic is when a head of state and other officials are representatives of the people, elected by them. These representatives are expected to perform their duties in the best interest for the people; it also separates power into three branches known as, judicial, legislative and executive. Having this in mind, citizens of the United States recognized their country as a freedom nation, internationally; a lot of historians and politicians might share the same opinion. Unfortunately, the government has been drifting away from its original purpose, to serve and protect individuals before the majority’s interest. When it comes down to deciding whose rights should trump the others, majority or minority, there is absolutely no doubt, that minorities hold the title, since it addresses individual basic rights that contribute progress to the community to further evade a violation of basic rights towards any individual. When talking aboutShow MoreRelatedSince The Cold War Era, The Spread Of Democracy And Its1410 Words   |  6 PagesWar era, the spread of democracy and its implications have been highly debated across the world. As more states adopt this method of government, the question of how to interact with opposing states has taken the spotlight in the context of international relations. Some scholars, like Robert Kaplan, believe that democratic elections do not help with social and economic stability in developing countries. Others, particularly supporters of the United States idea of democracy such as Sean Jones, believeRead MoreThe Democratic Peace Theory954 Words   |  4 PagesThe democratic peace theory was not always seen as the substantial argument and significant contribution to the field of International Relations that it is today. Prior to the 1970’s, it was the realist and non-realist thought that took preeminence in political theoretical thinking. Though the democratic pe ace theory was first criticized for being inaccurate in its claim that democracy promotes peace and as such democracies do not conflict with each other, trends, statistical data, reports have suggestedRead MoreEssay on Democratic Peace1477 Words   |  6 PagesDemocratic Peace Democratic peace is presently a theory that has come under fire from many individuals due to the complex nature in which it is applied to nations and their handling of foreign affairs. There are currently two accepted arguments: (1) Democracies do not fight one another because they are self-organizing systems and are therefore fundamentally distinct from other statesRead MoreThe Core Assumptions Of The Transitional Paradigm1425 Words   |  6 Pageslandscape of the world. It was an instantaneous shift from authoritarian or totalitarian regime toward more liberal and democratic form of governance. Consequentially, there was a global democratic trend in the last quarter of the twentieth century, and courtesy of American political scientist, Samuel Huntington, this trend was widely recognized as the â€Å"third wave† of democracy by many political observers in the Western world. The purpose of this paper is to examine the core assumptions of the transitionalRead MoreDemocracy in the 20th Centuries Essay1446 Words   |  6 PagesIs democracy possible? Modern democracies have continually developed throughout the 20th century. These democracies have culminated from revolutions,wars, and even economic development. As democracies continue to grow democracy promotion has been a key issue for world governments, especially the United State of America. History has shown that building democracy is a very strenuous and a difficult task to accomplish. With the inception of government, democracy has been a seemingly difficult conceptRead More Promotion of Democracy and its Purpose in the United States Plans1481 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States prides itself on its democratic idealism and believes the every state should have the opportunity to experience the freedom democracy offers. Democracy, in term of American values, allows for the â€Å"right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness† . These are inalienable for everyone and those countries that withhold this must be change or reformed. The United States with other democra tic countries has taken on the project of converting all non-democratic states into democratic governmentsRead MoreThe Importance of External Influences in Building a Democracy1315 Words   |  6 PagesBuilding a Democracy In Democracy in the Third World, Robert Pinkney analyzed circumstances that have been important in the past for building a democracy for current democratic regimes. Pinkney studies seven comparatives and their theories for the cause and effect of democracy and identifies their pros and cons. The most important of these conditions stands in the external influences and foreign participation in building the state as a democracy of a non-democratic countryRead MoreLinz and Stepan Consolidated Democracy Study Guide and Notes906 Words   |  4 PagesTowards Consolidated Democracies Linz and Stepan * Three conditions before speaking about democratic consolidation * First†¦no state=no democracy * Second†¦.democracy cannot be thought of as consolidated until a democratic transition has been brought to completion * Necessary but by no means sufficient condition for the completion of a democratic transition is the holding of free and contested elections (on the basis of broadly inclusive voter eligibility) that meetRead MoreShould Democracy Be Exported?1628 Words   |  7 PagesUnited States, we tend to take for granted democracy and the institutions that were established by the constitution to ensure its viability and perpetuate its underlying principles. However, this is not the case for many countries around the world. In other places, authoritarian and other non-democratic regimes have existed and sustained rule without pushing for democracy. This raises the question: can democracy be exported to these countries? In present day, due to the fact that non-democratic regimesRead MoreThe Democratic Peace Theory : Political And Cultural Similarity And Limits Of Democracy1456 Words   |  6 PagesDemocratic peace theory is a theory which posits that democracies are hesitant to engage in armed conflict with other identified democracies(Michael Doyle,1983).Democratic peace theory holds that because of political and cultural similarity and limits of democracy mechanisms in democratic countries, in international relations, a majority of democratic countries would perfer to choose negotiations or other peaceful ways to resolve the dispute. rested on these factors, democratic countries could

The Ottoman Empire Ruling Class - 1142 Words

To be a part of the Ottoman Empire ruling class, three characteristics were necessary: â€Å"Islamic faith, loyalty to the sultan, and compliance with the standards of behavior of the Ottoman court.† This only applied to Muslim people while Turks, Greeks, Armenians, and Jews—recognized as the millets—were excluded and usually employed in state services. As the Ottoman Empire developed and its strength grew, it was looked upon as â€Å"a daily increasing flame† for its ability to rule and take control, but during the centuries of its decline in strength and prestige was looked down upon as the â€Å"Sick Man of Europe† (Stavrianos 1957, 31). As the prestigious Ottoman Empire dominated any and all enemies that stepped in their way, they could not hold this reign forever. The Ottoman Empire, like most powerhouses, fell due to the external and internal conflicts as well as the search for independence, nationalism, and modernity. The Ottoman Empire as a whole was not to blame for their decline, but rather one can say the Ottoman Empire was two separate empires and the latter of the two was the cause of the decline. Three aspects of the Ottoman Empire—political power, military domination, and religious declaration—were all prominent and growing until the end of the Kà ¶prà ¼là ¼ era rule. After the Kà ¶prà ¼là ¼ rule, corruption and chaos were brought to light within the Ottoman Empire by the successor sultans. These sultans caused the empire to become leaderless and powerless which induced the suddenShow MoreRelatedPolitical Factors Of The Ottoman Empire759 Words   |  4 Pagescertain â€Å"empire† came into play as a world power. The when is more easily found than the how though, as it is hard to pinpoint a single action or decision that put that empire above the rest. For this reason it is more logical to look at the rise from multiple different perspectives. Following the 14th century decline of the Mongol empire, three exceptionally powerful Islamic states rose to success and took over as world leaders, the Ottoman Empire, the Safavid Empire, and the Mughal Empi re. ThisRead MoreThe Ottoman Empire And The Empire1596 Words   |  7 Pages Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire is known as one of the longest lasting and influential empires in world history. The first reason why the Ottoman Empire culture led to a well organized empire was because of its social class. there social level could had changed anytime, but Its territories extended to the eastern Roman Empire, the northern Balkans and to the north of the Black Sea coast. The empire began around the 13th century and its ruling was long and includes the period of the WorldRead MoreThe Rise of Europe853 Words   |  4 Pagesthe roles of two vastly different empires – the Ming and Ottoman. Even though we barely even touched on the Ming Empire, I feel like the significance of it, is far too grand to leave out in describing the rise of Europe. Both empires had different types of leadership and core goals – military and social. The Ming Empire was led by brilliant philosophical scholars, concerned not only with the external world but the development of the internal co nsciousness; the Ottoman based on a new monotheistic religionRead MoreThe Ottoman Empire1355 Words   |  6 PagesOur History 102 class topics were interesting and enlightening. From discoveries to parliaments our lives have been changed through evolutions and revolutions. Though there were many topics that sparked my interest and choosing one to elaborate on the Ottoman Empire stood out most. This analysis will show its development and reasons for its nick name as the Sick man of Europe. Ottoman Turks were established in Turkey. This area was rich and famous. The land at that time was called Anatolia thatRead MoreHow Did The Ottoman Empire Differ From Earlier And The Middle East?1247 Words   |  5 Pages02/28/2016 Mid-Term How did the Ottoman Empire differ from earlier Islamic empires in the Middle East? The Ottoman Empire, or Ottoman Turkish, was one of the longest in history, having gone through the whole modern era and only come to an end with the end of World War I in 1918. The event that is commonly taken by historians as the inaugurator of the Modern age is the fall of Constantinople, the center of the Byzantine Empire, and was triggered by the Turkish-Ottoman. Also, you certainly heard aboutRead MoreWorld History : The Middle East1339 Words   |  6 PagesIslamic historical events will clarify why world history is important and why the Global Middle East is being studied. The three events/eras that will be discussed are: the Roman Empire and its effect on the Global Middle East (306-337 CE), Ottoman religious propaganda in the 1530s, and the French invading Egypt in 1798. (class discussion 9/29) As previously mentioned, one must acquire a world history foundation in order to understand the history of the Global Middle East. Northrop emphasizes the importanceRead MoreEssay on The Ottoman Society and Government1046 Words   |  5 PagesThe Ottoman society, which was of Turkish origin was a small state founded in the 13th Century by Osman I. It was run and overseen by his descendants up until 1923 during the end of WW I when it was dissolved and declared part of The Republic of Turkey. The Ottoman society was well structured and complicated. The uppermost influence in the land was the Sultan, whose hierarchical place was determined by birth; new Sultans were selected from the sons of the preceding Sultans. The Sultan, however, wasRead More Decline of the Muslim Empires: Safavid, Ottoman, and Mughal Essay1082 Words   |  5 PagesDecline of the Muslim Empires: Safavid, Ottoman, and Mughal Since the beginning, all empires have faced change in many ways, declining and rising in status. Many empires have collapsed, only to start again under a different name. Like all empires, the three Muslim Empires, the Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals have faced this inevitable state. Although each individual empire is different, they each have similarities in their reasons for decline. Whether it is social, religious, economic, or politicalRead MoreTravel journal 1.071766 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿ 01.07 Collapse of an Empire Travel Journal 1. What was Justinian I’s role in the decline of the Byzantine Empire? First, his constant wars and the rebuilding of Constantinople after the Nika Riot caused serious financial problems for the empire. The reconstruction of the Hagia Sophia alone cost about 320,000 pounds of gold. Second, Justinian left the Byzantine army scattered across the empire. Many units were occupied fighting fierce nomads. One of these groups, a Germanic barbarian tribeRead MoreThe Ottoman Empire: the Rise, Fall and Influence in Todays Middle East1907 Words   |  8 PagesThe Ottoman Empire: The Rise, Fall and Influence in Todays Middle East By: Robert Rosen M01 A1 Written Assignment    Throughout history, there have been many empires. Some of them lasted years, some lasted decades. But one stands alone as the longest running empire.   The Ottoman Empire ruled from 1280-1922. The Empire saw 37 Sultans and an expansion of power and control  over most of the Middle East and parts of Europe and Africa. The Empire had a slow, but sudden burst of growth. That burst was

Primary Health Care Strategic Framework †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Primary Health Care Strategic Framework. Answer: Introduction Australia's widespread medicinal services framework is under a significant pressure. Numerous professionals of the healthcare, policymakers, and government authorities share the view that despite the fact that the care related quality is high, the healthcare spending of the nation is unsustainable and is hence found to be a deplete on the economy. Another alternative can be proposed one that sees the industry of healthcare as a significant contributor of the economy through employment, exports, GDP and innovation (Chaar, 2014). Australia can possibly offer its telemedicine and other other services abroad related to telehealth, capturing a market share of the growing medical tourism, and putting resources within the healthcare institutions and other foreign hospitals. In this report, we look at the healthcare industry of Australia and make an identification of the opportunities while competing in the global space of the healthcare by attracting foreign investment, maximizing the pote ntial for export, commercializing the public schemes and talent within the private sector (DALTON-BROWN, 2016). Our proposals for a way forward for Australia may likewise have application for different nations where the healthcare framework is strong that are confronting challenges which are quite similar. Contrasted with the health framework of other countries, the healthcare framework of Australia along with its outcomes rank exceedingly. Australia positioned 6th within the world during 2014 as far as the efficiency of healthcare is concerned, and was found to be at a rank of seventh in life expectancy. It reliably positions at the highest point of the Better Life Index of the OECD i.e. organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, which measures the way natives see their social, mental and physical well-being. The excellent healthcare framework and high standard of living of Australia convey many advantages to most of the populace, including a more extended life expectancy (Day, 2008). Government information assesses that by 2055, the life expectancy on an average will be 96.6 years for women and 95.1 years for men. The nation additionally has low baby mortality, with the quantity of newborn child deaths tumbling from 1,264 in 2002 to 1,094 in 2013. Despite the fact that Au stralians are relied upon to stay dynamic longer because of better health, a considerably more established populace will unavoidably put more demand on the framework of health. An altogether more older populace will endure more incessant ailment and degenerative illnesses, and require longer healing facility stays and more follow-up care (Duckett, 2008). The figures of private healthcare alone demonstrate that clients having an age of 60 to 79 are the group that gets the biggest payout of benefits from the hospital. With the retirement of the older Australians, there will be a shrink in the labor force. This will result in a less tax revenue to pay for the services related to health the greying populace will require. Indeed, even with the current plan of the government for increasing the retirement age to 70, the participation labor of Australia is anticipated to keep on falling (Dunphy, 2013). It is nothing unexpected then that the policy makers of Australia have been on discovering approaches for Australia to keep offering a world-class medicinal services framework even with these difficulties. Generally speaking, the present view is negative, with economists and policymakers regularly alluding to the medicinal services framework as a burden to government and society, and human services spending seen as monetarily unsustainable (Frueh, 2015). We propose a significant alternative one that sees Australia's human services spend as a significant opportunity (Naccarella, Buchan, Newton, Brooks, 2011). With the careful management and right policy direction, the Australian human services framework could be a noteworthy supporter of the nation's economy. The division is as of now one of the nation's biggest suppliers of employment, and the fifth biggest supporter of Australia's GDP. We trust that it could contribute considerably more to the economy by drawing in foreign talent and investment, particularly in the RD region, and by sending out the human services benefits in which it as of now exceeds expectations, for example, telemedicine, alongside the skill of its exclusive standard private and public hospitals (Naccarella, Buchan, Newton, Brooks, 2011). Opportunities for Economic Growth There is a significant chance for the healthcare segment of Australia to end up plainly a noteworthy export industry and make a positive commitment to the economy, to the degree that it could help make up for the current and sudden decrease in the sector of mining. In accordance with this, the business gave the Australian economy a gigantic ride from 2005 until the most recent few years, yet it has mellowed as China's hunger for framework ventures decreases, and costs of coal and iron mineral fall over the globe (Perkins, 2013). Presently, with the fading of mining boom, Australia should discover elective export enterprises on the off chance that it needs to keep up its monetary and economic quality. And giving an exclusive care related standard to its kin, the Australian medicinal services segment is one of the nation's most noteworthy performing parts monetarily. Medicinal services are developing at twofold the pace of Australia's GDP. Contrasted and its provincial and worldwide pe ers, Australia positions in the main three as far as its privatepublic organizations, balanced private health spending per capita, and its capacity to draw in abroad medicinal services ability to live and work in the nation (Rajagopalan, Elkadi, 2014). We accept there are likewise various opportunities for both private and government healthcare to cooperate so that the medicinal services framework keeps on serving the Australian overall population and be a solid supporter of the nation's economy. To get this going, the private and public sector players in Australian human services need to consider their parts in the framework, especially by tending to the accompanying questions: What sort of strategy changes could help the Australian government decrease superfluous spending, arranging for financing to support possibly solid areas like RD? How can private and government industry cooperate to follow in the strides of the highly successful education and finance service exports of Australia and possibly help fill a portion of the left gaps by a softening sector of resources (Russell, Dawda, 2014)? What role can Australian media communications organizations play in creating telehealthcare a territory where Australia as of now has created solid capacities? How ought to the Australian government guarantee that it can keep on funding its maturing populace's human services or healthcare? We see various ways that the private industry and government can give world-class human services to Australians, in the meantime boosting the nation's exports related to the healthcare and playing a pivotal role to stimulate the local economy. The techniques for fortifying the medicinal services framework would rotate around the three principle interfaces in the value chain of healthcare. The three imperative links are insurers, suppliers and care providers. Care Providers: Tourism, Technology, and Overseas Expansion Lately, the education sector of Australia has had tremendous monetary accomplishment in accordance with the leveraging of the capacity of public sector to serve trade/export markets. Education is currently one of the largest exports of Australia that contributes 4.5% of the nation's GDP in 2013. We trust that there are opportunities for the sector of healthcare to take after the lead of education (Rajagopalan, Elkadi, 2014). Truth be told, there are found to be three clear parallels between the way education has leveraged public sector opportunities and capacity in healthcare industry of Australia. Progresses in innovation and technology have made remote and distance in a practical and well known approach to think about. The quantity of remote students enlisted at Australian universities has risen rapidly over the most recent five years from 211,000 in 2009 to 302,000 in 2013. Furthermore, Australia's real telecom, Telstra, has kept on putting resources into its telehealth administrations. The organization as of now offers some of these services and is set to join forces with governments crosswise over purview (Naccarella, Buchan, Newton, Brooks, 2011). Telstra has likewise made acquisitions and joined forces with local and abroad organizations, for example, red IT, Medgate, HealthEngine, HealthConnex, and Verdi to manufacture its telehealth abilities. On top of having broad involvement in telemedicine, Australia is likewise home to a substantial number of specialists trained internationally(Chaar, 2014). The providers of care could use these specialists' comprehension of their nation of origin's way of life and their dialect abilities to assist convey telemedicine and telediagnostics to seaward goals. Australia is remarkably situated given now is the right time zone to give night peruses to the Europe, Africa, Middle East and United States. Truth be told, this is going on in teleradiology, with Australia giving night peruses to the U.S. and additionally, European Union markets. In any case, various elements hinder telemedicine turning into a feasible source of current export revenue. These incorporate professional repayment and licensure laws, and concerns around legitimate obligation, care related quality, and patient security (Chaar, 2014). There is, moreover, a constrained specialists' pool for the providers of care to draw for m. Australias Healthcare Trade with China The healthcare providers have a colossal opportunity for growth of revenue through trade with China. The biggest trading partner of Australia is additionally rapidly getting to be noticeably one of the world's greatest markets for healthcare. This is powered by various components, including the development of China's GDP, the ascent of its white collar class, and the expanding interest for better access to quality health among its populace. Like Australia, China has a quickly maturing populace projections show around 480 million residents older than 60 by 2050 and it likewise confronts comparative difficulties on the ascent of perpetual ailments, for example, diabetes.There are different variables that make China an appealing goal for human services investment. The nation offers low working expenses to business, and its laws related to IP protection, once exceptionally feeble, are beginning to move forward (DALTON-BROWN, 2016). The Chinese government supports development and RD and is quick to give better access to quality human services given its significance to the Chinese individuals. The agencies are seeking to better understand how providing patient-level information to clinicians can improve quality. To this end, the agencies developed a draft national set of high-priority complications in 2014 and recently concluded a trial in four hospitals of this draft national set to assess whether it is clinically meaningful and useful, feasible to monitor and whether the complications are appropriately captured within administrative data sets. The findings of this study will be available later in 2015. The Joint Working Party established a sub?committee in late 2014 to investigate potential approaches to best?practice pricing, with an initial focus on the management of fractured patients (Duckett, 2008). Under a best-practice pricing approach, prices are determined based on the health care provider delivering a best-practice standard of care to patients. This approach has the potential to incentivise best-practice care and, if implemented, augments the current ABF approa ch where prices are based on the average cost of care (Frueh, 2015). The Commonwealth, Western Australia and South Australia supported in-principle the introduction of a best-practice price, provided there is sufficient evidence to demonstrate that it will deliver improvements in patient outcomes. Although Queensland has implemented state-based pricing for quality for fractured neck of femur, Queensland opposes a national approach for pricing quality arguing that clinical and performance management is the responsibility of jurisdictions as the system managers. Tasmania stated its opposition on similar grounds. National Efficient Cost Through the Pricing Framework 2015-16 IHPA introduced revised low volume thresholds to determine whether a public hospital is eligible to receive block funding. IHPA considered the underlying data to be sufficiently robust to include all activity in the low volume thresholds and not just the admitted acute activity. In NEC15 IHPA also introduced a new statistical methodology for calculating a small rural block funded hospitals efficient cost based on hospital size, location and type (Duckett, 2008). These refinements to the NEC model were broadly supported by stakeholders and have improved the models stability and predictability within and between hospital groupings, as well as across years, and will lead to greater accuracy in determining hospital eligibility for block funding from year to year. IHPA has evaluated the impact of the Modified Monash Model remoteness classification on the NEC model and determined that it would not deliver a clear improvement to identifying costs associ ated with hospital remoteness in the block funding model and may have the unintended consequence of disadvantaging small rural hospitals in outer regional areas. IHPA is not proposing any major changes for NEC16, given the significant methodological improvements made to the block funding model in NEC15. In 2016, IHPA will continue to work with states and territories to improve the reporting of expenditure and activity data for small hospitals, and undertake further research to better understand the cost drivers of small hospital services. Bundled Pricing Options Queensland, South Australia and Medtronic regarded services or patient episodes of care as amenable to bundled pricing if they are high volume, clinically homogenous and with highly predictable care pathways. New South Wales, Medtronic, Maternity Choices Australia, the QNU, Womens Healthcare Australasia and Childrens Healthcare Australasia supported IHPA further investigating the feasibility of bundled pricing for uncomplicated maternity care on the basis that it has an easily definable starting point and end point across all patients (Duckett, 2008). The QNU added that bundled pricing for uncomplicated and complicated maternity care may incentivise midwife-centred continuity of care models which are associated with significant reductions in interventions such as epidurals, episiotomies and instrumental births. New South Wales, the QNU and The Royal Australasian College of Physicians (RACP) supported IHPA further investigating the feasibility of bundled pricing for stroke care. These stakeholders as well as Queensland, Western Australia, Tasmania, the ASC, the NSF and Medtronic stated that this work must consider appropriate stratification for patient severity and complexity (for example ischaemic or haemorrhage). New South Wales, the Australian and New Zealand Society for Geriatric Medicine, Medtronic, and the QNU supported investigating the feasibility of bundled pricing for elective joint replacement as it is high volume and the care provided has predictable outcomes for patients. The Northern Territory and the RACP advocated exploring the benefits of applying a bundled pricing approach for patients at risk, or in the early stages, of chronic disease as it could lead to potentially significant cost savings to the health system if bundled pricing incentivises alternative models of care which lead to better patient outcomes. Silver Chain recommended that IHPA consider bundled pricing for end of life care, specifically the last 90 days of life. Silver Chain noted research by the Grattan Institute that between 60 and 70 per cent of Australians would prefer to die at home, but the majority die in hospitals (54 per cent) or residential care (32 per cent) (Chaar, 2014). A bundled price could provide system managers with the financial flexibility to pursue alternative models of care, such as community based palliative care which reduces cost whilst improving the quality of patient care. Conclusion Contrasted with the health framework of other countries, the healthcare framework of Australia along with its outcomes rank exceedingly (Chaar, 2014). Australia positioned 6th within the world during 2014 as far as the efficiency of healthcare is concerned, and was found to be at a rank of seventh in life expectancy. It reliably positions at the highest point of the Better Life Index of the OECD i.e. organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, which measures the way natives see their social, mental and physical well-being References Chaar, B. (2014). Medicine shortages: Implications for the Australian healthcare system.Australasian Medical Journal,7(3), 161-163. https://dx.doi.org/10.4066/amj.2014.1943 DALTON-BROWN, S. (2016). Healthcare in Australia.Cambridge Quarterly Of Healthcare Ethics,25(03), 414-420. https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180116000062 Day, G. (2008). Book Review: The Australian health care system.Australian Health Review,32(2), 371. https://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah080371 Duckett, S. (2008). The Australian health care system: reform, repair or replace?.Australian Health Review,32(2), 322. https://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah080322 Dunphy, J. (2013). Enhancing the Australian healthcare sector.Australian Health Review. https://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah11108 Frueh, B. (2015). Solving Mental Healthcare Access Problems in the Twenty-first Century.Australian Psychologist,50(4), 304-306. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ap.12140 Naccarella, L., Buchan, J., Newton, B., Brooks, P. (2011). Role of Australian primary healthcare organisations (PHCOs) in primary healthcare (PHC) workforce planning: lessons from abroad.Australian Health Review,35(3), 262. https://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah10934 Perkins, D. (2013). A Primary Health Care Strategic Framework.Australian Journal Of Rural Health,21(4), 195-196. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajr.12067 Rajagopalan, P., Elkadi, H. (2014). Energy Performance of Medium-sized Healthcare Buildings in Victoria, Australia- A Case Study.Journal Of Healthcare Engineering,5(2), 247-260. https://dx.doi.org/10.1260/2040-2295.5.2.247 Russell, L., Dawda, P. (2014). Lessons for the Australian healthcare system from the Berwick report.Australian Health Review,38(1), 106. https://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah13185